Goats usually seroconvert in 2 to 8 weeks but can have a long clinical latency (years). Infected macrophages express viral proteins near major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, which are recognized by T lymphocytes and stimulate cytokine production. 29,34 Disease results from inflammation elicited by the reaction of the immune system to the virus. CAEV can often be isolated from the synovial fluid and milk of infected animals. The virus is capable of making antigenic variants of itself to help it evade the host immune response. At these target sites CAEV induces chronic inflammation by invoking the host's immune responses.
The important target tissues of CAEV include the joints, mammary glands, lungs, and brain.
Lymphocyte proliferation is a hallmark pathologic lesion seen in CAEV infection. Virus-infected macrophages may be more prone to activation and thereby induce proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages. Initially the virus proliferates rapidly and induces a vigorous immune response that limits but does not eliminate the virus. The virus localizes in the macrophages of the synovium, lung, central nervous system, and mammary gland. Proposed mechanisms for persistence include latent infection by a DNA provirus, viral replication that waits for monocytes to differentiate into macrophages in tissue, low levels of neutralizing antibodies, and viral mutation of env genes. “Restricted replication” allows the virus to remain latent in the host's monocytes and undetected by the immune system. CAEV infects monocytes and macrophages and induces a persistent (lifelong) infection despite host antibody production. PUGH, in Sheep & Goat Medicine, 2002 Pathogenesis.ĬAEV is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus in the Lentivirus family that replicates by forming a reverse transcriptase–dependent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) intermediate that may become integrated into the host genome. Direct all comments concerning legislation to State Legislators.LAURA K. "Maintenance" means the provision of shelter, food, water, or a nutritional formulation as required pursuant to chapter 717.Ĭomments about this site or remember that the person listed above does not vote on bills. "Local authority" means a city as defined in section 362.2 or a county as provided in chapter 331.ħ. "Livestock owner" means the person who holds title to livestock or who is primarily responsible for the care and feeding of the livestock as provided by the titleholder.Ħ. "Livestock care provider" means a person designated by a local authority to provide care to livestock which is distrained by a local authority.ĥ. "Livestock" means an animal belonging to the bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, or porcine species ostriches, rheas, or emus farm deer as defined in section 481A.1 or poultry.Ĥ. "Landowner" means a person who holds an interest in land, including a titleholder or tenant.ģ.
"Aggrieved party" means a landowner or a local authority.Ģ.
#Caprine authority code
Iowa Code 2003: Section 169C.1 169C.1 Definitions.Īs used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:ġ.
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